Bulworth and Political Scandals an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Bulworth and Political Scandals To a person who has seen the movie Bulworth, the story of the main character, Senator Jay Billington Bulworth's (Beatty) honest admission at the California preliminary rounds in 1976 may appear from an ideal world. This will seem to have no parallel example in real life. (Beatty, 1998). Thus when he decides to confess his political wrongdoing before an audience while campaigning for reelections, the plot exposes how politicians hide their actual life and show to people an artificial side of their selves which is false. Need essay sample on "Bulworth and Political Scandals" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Since Bulworth has decided to commit suicide, he is willing to reveal the truth. He is not worried about what people have so far thought about him. He thus tries to reveal the dirty side of American politics which is based on lobbying and campaign funding. Thus he confesses to an African American crowd that they were neglected so far because they did not contribute adequate money to campaign funds. This was quite shocking news but in the heart of hearts they probably knew it to be true. He similarly blasted the Hollywood producers at a grand reception for the poor quality of movies they have been producing. He then went on to tell them that the only reason for his government supported them and their business was the contributions they have been making to the campaign. This frank talk by Bulworth showing the real side of political leaders in the United States impresses Nina (Berry). He is the first politician who she feels speaks the truth. The result of this honesty surprises Bulworth as he wins support of people who he had neglected so far. However at the same time he loses the support of the rich and the famous. In turn he also regains his spirits which had perhaps left him when he had thought about committing suicide. Warren Beatty has attempted to show true colors of American polity biased by lobbying and catering to the needs of special interest groups rather than those who have necessary numbers but their candidate never wins elections as he does not have the money power with him. Election scandals are not new to America; the most famous recent one involved Tom DeLay in 2005. (Delay, 2005). Many know about it but it is the political satire shown in the movie Bulworth which has placed the subject in the correct view. The confessions of Bulworth are rare in democracies as America. Leaders here try to hide their true face behind a mask of privacy and the need to protect their personal interests. Thus there has always been a great debate over the issue of what political scandals are and how interfering can investigations be. Political scandals are not new in human history. They have been with us ever since politics has denoted power. Semiatin (2004) has indicated the vast scope of political scandals from paid advertising to inner corruption in campaigns. Generally a humiliation which involves a public official, concerns public money or interest and involves a politician could be classified as a political one. The event thus either constitutes a conduct which is not within the guide lines laid down by the constitution or is essentially criminal in nature involving a public personality. This criterion will enable us to focus on those scandals which should be investigated once first signs of misconduct are noticed. This should also enable us to decide the probes in which privacy of the person who is being investigated can be violated in public interest. By making such a clear difference it would also be possible to leave out many scandals which though quite horrible by nature do not fall into the category of political scandals. One such example could be the involvement of Michael Jackson in sexual abuse of children. While as a public person such an act is terrible and could be said to be a public scandal, it cannot be classified as a political one. The issue of classification of a scandal as political or otherwise may be simpler than assessing whether it has to be investigated by violating privacy of the subject. The guiding principle apparently should be that where ever public interest is involved and the act cannot be treated as private it should be thoroughly inve stigated. Political scandals are of different types and those that involve profit, money making or fool the public should be given greater priority. Others which involve public persons but do not harm the population in general should be treated as normal social misconduct. Senator Edward Kennedy's personal problem with alcoholism thus may not necessarily be classified as a political scandal. On the other hand the Iran-contra affair has long been regarded as a major political shame as it involved wrongful use of public and also harmed national interest in the long run. There is also a tendency to side step scandals from political to other forms such as military. For instance ill treatment of Abu Ghraib prisoners in 2004 could possibly be attributed to political leaders but was conveniently passed off as poor judgment by the military. This could also be seen as deliberate violation of human rights sanctioned by some of the highest political authorities in the administration. This example shows t he problem of not only classifying scandals as political but also in investigating these. There is always resistance to attribute blame to powerful persons in the chain. This in turn results in investigations taking an unexpectedly soft course or being evaded by people in power. Another problem arises in classifying scandals by their scale. Thus some people would prefer to let those that are considered as smaller scandals be ignored and investigate only the larger ones. However the problem is who classifies wrongdoing. Is it a matter for the public to decide or an issue of how much money is paid or number of personnel is involved? In many cases the media takes the lead by acting as the judge in determining whether a scandal is big or small. Frequently that which is considered as minor initially enlarges in scope as more information is revealed during the investigations. Thus there is reason to investigate issues of bad behavior which have come to public light as and when incidents occur. Another powerful weapon available with investigating agencies is public criticism of a cover up. Public patience of attempts to conceal a fraud is much lesser than perhaps their tolerance of the actual scandal. It is commonly believed that it was not as much Watergate as the attempt by the Nixon administration to cover up the scam that finally led to his impeachment. Vigilance on media investigating issues is also important as where media itself is biased the main problem is likely to be forgotten. The draft dodging allegation against George W Bush was brought up by Dan Rather and CBS News. Use of fictitious military records in the investigations however resulted in the case losing its value. Thus the net result was Rather being accused of wrongful conduct by using biased material. Similar issues are raised when there is political agenda in investigations conducted by officials. Such motives can be real or imaginary as was alleged by many in the McCarthy investigation of the 1950's and the Monica Lewinsky affair involving former President Bill Clinton. Thus investigating political scandals is essential as leaders like Bulworth who readily confess are very rare in the real world. However due caution should be exercised by investigating agencies to ensure that they disclose the scam rather than getting involved in controversies and letting the culprit get away. Reference: Beatty, Warren. (1998). Bulworth. Movie. Delay. (2005). FEC finds misreporting by DeLay committee. The Associated Press, 11 August 2005. Semiatin, Richard. (2004). Campaigns in the 21st Century: The Changing Mosaic of American Politics. New York : McGraw-Hill

Rosie the Riveter essays

Rosie the Riveter essays Throughout the era of World War II, gender equality and roles in the work place quickly steamed to the front of the list as one of America's hottest issues of debate. However, racial equality in the workplace was still towards the end of the list, and, although this issue was becoming increasingly prevalent, it still lacked the imperative exposure and sentiment that it would eventually need in order to evolve into an issue that received the attention it deserved. In the documentary, The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter, gender equality in the workplace is clearly displayed as the film's main theme. However, in a deliberate yet subtle manner, the documentary also clearly illustrated that race, racism, and racial inequality in the workplace were overwhelmingly present, and were especially apparent in the types of jobs that the different races had, and in the status and treatment that the different races had at these jobs. Throughout the documentary, it became increasingly visible that the types of job that a female worker had were dependent not primarily on her skill, however, primarily on her race. Laborious, uncomfortable, and often draining jobs were designated for the female workers of color. African-American female workers would often work long hours as cooks in a hot kitchen, would do intense manual labor loading and unloading heavy objects to and from ships, or would be strenuously labored at a steel factory, where three quarters of the employed women were black. "Black women could always get hard jobs or cooking jobs because they were saved for us," stated one black worker in the documentary. Sometimes, the available jobs to the African American women would even be dangerous. One black women in the documentary even recalled being struck in the head by a bolt of steel, and as a result, she had to make the painful decision of losing her weekly paycheck and quitting. Yet, in the film, man y of the white women had jo ...

Electronic Evolution in Negotiability of Negotiable Instruments Essay

Electronic Evolution in Negotiability of Negotiable Instruments - Essay Example Throughout the legislative process, attention was constantly given to the areas like, Governments, banks, trading and other interested circles. The Convention applies only to international bills of exchange and international promissory notes when they comply with certain requisites of form. The use of an instrument governed by the Convention is thus entirely optional. Ratification or accession by a State does not subject all international instruments issued in that State to the legal regime of the Convention but merely opens the door for bankers and merchants to opt for this new legal regime if they deem it preferable in their professional judgment.(1) The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Electronic Commerce 1996 (2)is a set of rules that provides a model for reform in this context. It is recommended that the Model Law should be adopted to increase certainty in relation to the enforceability of electronic bills of exchange. The Convention defines the terms "bill of exchange" and "promissory note" and states the conditions on which a bill of exchange or promissory note is considered to be int ernational. A bill of exchange is a written instrument which contains an unconditional order whereby the drawer directs the drawee to pay a definite sum of money to the payee or to his order, on demand or at a definite time. It should be dated and it should be signed by the drawer. A promissory note is a written instrument which contains an unconditional promise whereby the maker undertakes to pay a definite sum of money to the payee or to his order; on demand or at a definite time and it should be dated and it should be signed by the maker.(3) Modern commercial practice has been influenced to a considerable degree during the years by electronics and computers in numerous ways. With all scientific developments within the business environment the pace of adjustment corresponds to a challenge to the traditional legal notions regulating patterns of trade. The development of such electronics and computers influence the instruments of trade also. Before taking peer in to the impact of such electronic evolution in negotiability of Negotiable instruments, let's have deep look into the scope of Convention on international transaction with reference to Bills of exchange and Promissory notes. Scope of the Convention In its desire to win commercial acceptance and free circulation of its instruments in international commerce, the Convention firmly upholds the principle of negotiability. The Convention considers the jurisdictions as per a

Badedas Case Study Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Badedas Case Study - Term Paper Example Manetti and Roberts has held to the market lead despite its share declining slightly over the period. The major gains in market share have been taken by Uniliver’s Dove products with its overall market share rising steadily over the period. This implies that Badedas’s market has been lost to the competition from Unilever’s product. Market position in shower category Market value shares in shower category Badedas is has been the leading brand in the shower category of body care products in the entire period of the research. However, the market share has dropped marginally over the period to stand at 12.9% from 13.7%. The market share of the closest competitor, Colgate Palmolive, dropped marginally over the period. The biggest gainer in the shower category was BDF Nivea which gained a formidable 2.5% over the period under consideration. Market share in the bath category Badedas was the lowest performer among the top four brands in this category. The market shares f or Badedas in this category reduced steadily to stand at 2.6% from a high of 3.6%. Badedas was far behind the market leader at the end of the period by almost 7%. Also, Badedas’s products in this category were far behind even in comparison to the closest competitor in terms of market share. ... This trend is not satisfying since it implies that Badedas may eventually be ousted from the top four brands in the body care products market. Hence, it is imperative that Sara Lee should lay down strategies to ensure that they reverse the downward trend and extend their market leadership in the shower products category. Most convenient positioning of the brand The Badedas brand should be positioned as a premier practical product for showers among the adult demographic. This is informed by the analysis of the cluster composition of the market needs in the body care products. Essentially, the competence of the product as assessed against the cluster composition of needs of the market give a clear pointer of the best marketing positioning of Badedas. According to the research, the Badedas product has the best score in cluster five which highlights the elements of recognizability and sensations. The product had high ratings in terms of being masculine and dynamic. This implies that the product can easily appeal to the young people who are active and full of energy. The product is also highly suitable for people who are interested in aesthetics and fashion elegance. This again points towards the young people as the best target for the product. The youth are interested the attractiveness of the packaging and the illusion of class in a product. Also, the product gives nice sensations with its long lasting perfume and its modern packaging. The Badedas product also has the element of freshness. This fresh appeal coupled with its practical and concrete nature makes the product a logical purchase for the youth. The package is trendy and gives an idea of luxuriousness. These elements are very attractive to the youth. According to the research, the youth form the largest

How Nonprofit Volunteerism Has Changed Over the Years Research Paper

How Nonprofit Volunteerism Has Changed Over the Years - Research Paper Example The researcher states that Martin Luther King, Jr. said, â€Å"Lifes most persistent and urgent question is: ‘What are you doing for others?’† A general definition of volunteerism or volunteer is a person who voluntarily undertakes or expresses a willingness to undertake a service or one who renders a service or takes part in a transaction while having no legal concern or interest. In a way, volunteerism can be looked upon as servant leadership.   According to author Robert K. Greenleaf, the servant-leader is the servant first.   Volunteerism begins with the natural feeling that one wants to serve and is also able to do so.   Then conscious brings one to aspire to lead.   The best test for becoming a servant leader is to ask if those served to grow as persons:   do they, while being served, become healthier, wiser, freer, more autonomous, and more likely themselves to become servants?   Also, it is essential to assess what is the effect on the least pr ivileged in society. It is important to ask if the volunteer act will benefit the disadvantages section, or, at least, not further deprived them. Volunteers are essential components of most nonprofit programs as they provide services to clientele who might not otherwise be served. As such, it can be stated that volunteerism is an important service that enables the non-profit organizations to manage their resources and deliver on their goals. As with any movement, volunteerism has undergone significant changes over the years. This study would trace the changes in the volunteering trends in the US and Canada and highlight the various aspects that are responsible for the changing trends.

Solubility and K Dependence on Temperature

Solubility and K Dependence on Temperature An exothermic reaction is one which has a negative ΔH value while an endothermic reaction is one which has a positive ΔH value. Based on the results, the dissolution of potassium hydrogen tartrate has a ΔHÂ ° value of 3.89 *104. Therefore as 3.89 *104 > 0, the dissolution of potassium hydrogen tartrate is endothermic, i.e. heat must be added to dissolve the salt in water. This is further supported by the negatively sloped graph above. It can be inferred from the graph that the higher the temperature, the greater the solubility of potassium hydrogen tartrate. The spontaneity of a reaction depends on the change in enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS), as well as on the absolute temperature. The change in the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) can be used to determine if a reaction is spontaneous or not. Represented by the equation ΔGÂ ° = ΔHÂ ° TΔSÂ °, when ΔG is negative, a process proceeds spontaneously in the forward direction. When ΔG is positive, the process proceeds spontaneously in reverse. When ΔG is zero, the process is in equilibrium, with no net change taking place over time. Therefore as the ΔGÂ ° calculated at both 10.0Â °C and 50.0Â °C are positive, it can be deduced that the dissolution of potassium hydrogen tartrate is non-spontaneous in the forward direction at the temperatures tested (10.0Â °C to 50.0Â °C). The process however proceeds spontaneously in reverse at the mentioned temperatures. In fact, based on the results, the dissolution will only be spontaneous at 513.6K (ΔHÂ ° / ΔSÂ °) and above. Although both entropy and enthalpy are functions of temperature, this experiment assumes that ΔHÂ ° and ΔSÂ ° do not change significantly over the range of temperatures used. This assumption is valid over relatively small ranges. In this experiment, the various measurements occur within a small range of 40K. Therefore it is safe to assume that the values of ΔHÂ ° and ΔSÂ ° are relatively invariant over the small changes in temperature. Many reasons could cause the experimental value to disagree with the literature value. Probably the most significant source of error would be the inability to maintain the respective temperatures during the slow step of filtering the salt solution after heating/cooling. Gravity filtration was adopted in this experiment, and although the filter papers were fluted to encourage rapid filtration, the process still spanned several minutes. During this time, the temperature of the salt solution could have easily deviated from the desired temperatures towards room temperature. This could cause undesirable recrystallization/dissolution of the salt, thereby, affecting the molarity of the filtrate. This limitation could be overcome by using vacuum filtration to minimize such errors. Besides the possible undesirable recrystallization/dissolution before filtering was over, recrystallization could also occur in the filtrate before the 25mL aliquots were obtained. This would only apply to the samples that were experimented at temperatures above room temperature. As the filtrate cools, the salt would recrystalise, causing a change in homogeneity and molarity of the filtrate. Although the protocol was to immediately aliquot 25mL after filtration, the time for the filtrate to reach at least 25mL was sufficient enough for significant cooling of the solution, with the large surface area of the solution filtering dropwise and the contact with the cool conical flask. A possible solution to this problem is to heat the filtrate again after filtration before aliquoting to ensure all the salts that may have recrystalised dissolve. However, the heating should be gentle to prevent significant lost of solvent and prevent change in molarity. Another source of error would be the assumption that the molarity of the given NaOH solution is accurate. Alkaline solutions such as NaOH absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere according to the reaction: CO2 + 2OH- ↔ + CO32- + H2O. Since hydroxide ion is consumed by this reaction, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution will be changed. Therefore the precise concentration of the NaOH solution may not be the value that what was stated on the bottle, especially if the solution was prepared long before the experiment was conducted. Standardization of the NaOH solution should be done just before the experiment is conducted. Although in this experiment, the molarity of the provided NaOH solution was assumed to be accurate and no further standardization was done, precautions were taken to protect the solution from the carbon dioxide that is always present in the atmosphere. As during titration, the NaOH solution in the buret will be exposed to air, the buret used was prepared for use only when it was needed, and fresh sodium hydroxide should be added if it. The initial steps of the procedure was to obtain approximately 200ml of NaOH solution from the stock bottle. To obtain higher accuracy though, the NaOH taken from the stock bottle should not be more than what is needed for one titration. More NaOH solution should be taken from the stock bottle when needed. Other precautions were also taken during the experiment to reduce contamination. Apparatus were scrupulously cleaned and rinsed with solutions that they were to contain before use. The experiment was also cautiously done to prevent loss of material through spillage, splashing or splattering. Conclusion This experiment successfully demonstrated the relationships between state functions, including entropy and enthalpy, free energy, spontaneity, and equilibrium constants. Since ΔHÂ ° and ΔSÂ ° were both positive, the dissolution of potassium hydrogen tartrate was spontaneous at high temperatures. This means that the potassium hydrogen tartrate needed energy from the surroundings to dissolve. The reverse process however, is spontaneous. A significant percentage error was obtained by comparing of the obtained solubility product constant with the literature value. Although precautions were taken to ensure accuracy, such an error proves that solubility product constants are extremely difficult to obtain experimentally because of limitations of the experiment and the necessity to identify all chemical species and processes present in the chemical system used to obtain the values.

Education: Encouraging Lives Essay -- Education Careers Teaching Teach

Education: Encouraging Lives My desire to become a teacher goes beyond a professional aspiration; it is also a personal commitment to self-growth and societal advancement. Since the time I was in school I have had the opportunity and pleasure to work with young people and listen to their problems in school and in their lives on a level where I’m neither a peer nor an authority figure. During this time I have decided to devote myself to these young people; I want to know that I can make a difference in their lives. With my teaching certificate, I will fulfill personal goals, make a change in student’s lives, and inspire younger generations to look for horizons as of yet unconceivable to them. I am now old enough to know what is truly important to me. My life is enriched by improving the quality of others’ lives. Only through exposure, only through learning, can anyone aspire to reach his or her greatest potential. In essence, how can we dream of greater possibilities if we do not know they exist? As in the Biblical parable, I want to teach men to fish and feed them for a lifetime. From my personal experience I believe some teachers have forgotten what a critical role they play in not only the futures of the students who sit before them, but in the future of all our lives collectively. I do not want anyone to look back on their life and see me as one of these teachers but as a teacher that inspired them to be something they never dreamed possible. Teaching involves a multi-level commitment to each and every student, including teaching styles, respect, counseling, and inspiration. Psychologists recognize that individuals have a variety of comprehension and learning abilities. Some people learn through audio and visual stimul... ...e to understand by using real-world experiences. I believe as Jean Piaget did, a constructivist, "to understand is to discover, or reconstruct by rediscovery, and such conditions must be complied with if in the future individuals are to be formed who are capable of production and creativity and not simply repetition" as mentioned in his book, To Understand Is to Invent. I do believe people need to learn with Great Books, but comparing things with the real world helps the understanding of these books. In conclusion, my desire to teach is only impeded by the next few years of education that I need to acquire my degree. I understand this will change the role I play in youth’s lives from my current position to an authority figure, but I do believe it will be a change for the best. Teachers wear big shoes and I am committed to filling those to the best of my ability.